Various studies and international health authorities agree that, when consumed within recommended limits, non-caloric sweeteners are safe and do not cause cancer in humans.
Non-caloric sweeteners, widely used as an alternative to sugar, have been the subject of public concern due to their alleged link to cancer.
However, organizations such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) agree: there is no conclusive scientific evidence linking its consumption to the development of tumors in humans, provided the established doses are respected.
A report from the National Cancer Institute supports this claim, stating that rigorous studies have not shown that artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, saccharin, or stevia, cause cancer.
Instead, these products are considered safe within the recommended daily intake limits, which in the case of aspartame, for example, should not exceed 2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.
What are non-caloric sweeteners?
These are substances used to give a sweet taste to foods and beverages without providing energy or calories. They are particularly popular among people looking to reduce their sugar intake, control their weight, or maintain stable blood glucose levels. Among the most common are saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, acesulfame K, and stevia.
Are there any risks associated with their consumption?
Although there is no conclusive evidence that they cause cancer, excessive consumption of sweeteners can have adverse effects. Some studies point to possible links with digestive problems, alterations in the gut microbiota, or insulin resistance, which could increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in certain people.
Additionally, individuals with specific medical conditions should avoid certain types of sweeteners. For example, those with phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare genetic disorder, should avoid aspartame, as it contains phenylalanine, an amino acid that their bodies cannot properly metabolize.
Who should limit or avoid consumption?
In addition to people with PKU, those with allergies or sensitivities to additives should exercise caution. The use of artificial sweeteners can cause adverse reactions such as dizziness, headaches, or gastrointestinal discomfort.
Despite their proven safety in regulated doses, experts recommend avoiding overindulging in these sugar substitutes. The key is moderation and maintaining a balanced diet, accompanied by good health habits.