What at first appears to be a simple discoloration of the nail may actually be a sign of a bacterial infection known as green nail syndrome.
This condition, although it usually goes unnoticed at first, can cause partial or total loss of the nail if not treated in time.
The disease is associated with the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which releases pigments ranging from blue-green to dark gray.
Unlike surface stains caused by knocks or nail polish, this greenish hue does not disappear when washing your hands or using cosmetic products.
How green nail syndrome appears
The bacteria settle in the space that forms between the nail and the skin when there is damage or partial separation of the nail plate. There, in a moist environment, it finds ideal conditions for multiplication. According to the International Society of Nail Care Academy (ISNCA), most cases are limited to one or two nails and, although it is usually painless, it can become bothersome and persistent.
Factors that increase the risk
According to the Nail Knowledge organization, some situations favor the development of the infection :
- Onycholysis: When the nail begins to separate from the nail bed, leaving a space open for bacteria.
- Constant exposure to water: Domestic workers, swimmers, or people who frequently wash dishes are more prone.
- Tight-fitting footwear: Excessive perspiration in unventilated environments encourages bacterial growth.
- Prolonged use of false or gelish nails limits oxygenation and weakens the natural nail.
Most frequent symptoms
The most obvious sign is the appearance of a greenish spot under the nail. As the condition progresses, the cuticle and surrounding skin may become inflamed or reddened, and the nail may even develop a foul odor and become weakened. In severe cases, the nail may partially or completely detach.
How is it diagnosed?
A general practitioner or dermatologist can identify green nail syndrome through a visual examination. When in doubt, a bacterial culture is ordered to confirm the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and help determine the most appropriate antibiotic.
Treatment options
The approach depends on the severity of the case:
Conservative treatment: trim the affected part of the nail, keep the area dry, avoid blows or excessive pressure, and apply topical antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor.
Advanced treatment: When the infection is deep or recurrent, oral antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin are indicated. In persistent cases, partial or complete nail removal may be necessary.
Prevention and care
Although green nail syndrome doesn’t usually lead to serious complications, it can become a recurring problem. Keeping your nails clean, avoiding constant moisture, and resting your artificial nails are simple measures that reduce the risk.
If you experience any change in nail color, it’s best to see a specialist for an early diagnosis and prevent the infection from progressing.