In the world of medicine, few drugs have achieved the impact of metformin, a drug that has been prescribed for decades as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Millions of patients across different continents rely on it every day to keep their blood sugar levels under control. However, its importance doesn’t end there: recent studies have revealed that it may have additional benefits, including a possible effect on longevity.
Classified as a biguanide, metformin works through three main mechanisms: it reduces glucose production in the liver, improves muscle sensitivity to insulin, and decreases intestinal glucose absorption.
Together, these functions help maintain healthy blood sugar levels, which is key to preventing complications from type 2 diabetes, such as cardiovascular, kidney, and neurological diseases.
Beyond diabetes: other medical uses
Although its most common indication is diabetes control, metformin has also proven useful in other clinical settings. For example, it is prescribed for people with prediabetes to delay disease progression.
In women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), it is effective in improving insulin resistance and promoting more regular menstrual cycles. Its potential role in dermatological diseases such as acne and psoriasis is even being investigated, thanks to its anti-inflammatory properties.
Possible risks and side effects
As with any medication, metformin is not without side effects. The most common are gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal pain, which usually occur at the beginning of treatment.
Long-term treatment has also been linked to decreased absorption of vitamin B12, which can lead to deficiency. A rare but serious complication is lactic acidosis, characterized by weakness, shortness of breath, drowsiness, and muscle pain, which requires immediate medical attention.
The importance of medical supervision
Despite its effectiveness, metformin should not be taken without a prescription. Only a doctor can determine the appropriate dose, evaluate interactions with other drugs, and monitor possible complications. Individualized treatment is essential to ensure safe and effective treatment. Self-medication, on the other hand, can put the patient’s health at risk.
Metformin has established itself as a mainstay in the management of type 2 diabetes, with benefits that go beyond glucose control. However, its safety depends on responsible use and professional supervision. If you have any questions, the recommendation remains the same: always consult a healthcare specialist.
