Definition
Ophthalmic migraine is a form of migraine characterized by visual disturbances called “auras,” which precede or accompany the headache. These auras result from transient neurological phenomena that affect vision. They can occur with or without associated headaches.
Common symptoms
Typical visual symptoms include:
- zigzag-shaped flashes of light (auras) before or during headaches;
- a temporary loss of sight, partially or totally;
- a feeling of weakening of the muscles on one side of the body ;
- tingling in the hands, face, or tongue;
- blurred or tunnel vision ;
- zigzag lines or moving geometric shapes
These symptoms usually last from a few minutes to an hour before being relieved. They may be accompanied by nausea, fatigue, and head pain (moderate to severe headaches. However, these symptoms are not all common, and vary greatly from person to person. Visual auras may even appear without headaches.
Difference from other visual disorders
It is essential to distinguish ophthalmic migraine from other ocular or neurological conditions such as occipital stroke, retinal detachment, or acute glaucoma. The table below summarizes the differences between these conditions:
Visual disturbance |
Key Features |
Ophthalmic migraine |
Transient (< 1 h), reversible, often accompanied by migraine headache. |
Retinal detachment |
Flashes + persistent floaters, shadow, or curtain in the visual field |
Occipital stroke |
Focal neurological signs (weakness, speech disorder) and non-reversible, sudden blindness. |
Acute glaucoma |
Severe eye pain, redness, colored ring vision, eye emergency. |
Is ophthalmic migraine dangerous?
Ophthalmic migraine is generally harmless. It does not cause permanent eye damage or neurological sequelae. However, it can temporarily affect daily life, including disrupting activities such as driving or working.
Rare risks to be aware of
Although rare, certain complications can occur:
- Difficulty concentrating after a seizure;
- Risk of accident if symptoms appear suddenly during activities requiring visual attention, such as driving.
- Status migrainosus: prolonged or repeated attacks without a period of respite, requiring urgent medical attention.
And in pregnant women?
In some pregnant women, particularly those with migraines with aura, a slightly increased risk of stroke has been observed. It is therefore recommended to consult a health professional for appropriate monitoring during pregnancy.
Good to know : Migraines affect around 12% of adults and 5 to 10% of children, and are three times more common in women than in men.
When can an ophthalmic migraine hide a real danger?
Warning signs not to ignore
It is recommended to consult a doctor if:
- This is your first pain crisis after 40 years.
- Vision loss is prolonged or permanent;
- You experience weakness on one side of your body or difficulty speaking;
- You experience confusion that prevents your brain from functioning properly or severe dizziness.
These symptoms may indicate a more serious cause or condition, such as a stroke or brain tumor.
Differential diagnosis
To rule out other pathologies such as stroke, brain tumor, or even eye pathologies, examinations may be necessary, such as:
- Brain imaging ( MRI, CT scan) to detect possible abnormalities;
- An ophthalmological examination to check the condition of the retina and optic nerve.
How to differentiate between migraine and stroke?
- Migraine with aura: progressive symptoms, usually last less than an hour, reversible.
- Stroke: sudden onset, persistent symptoms, requiring immediate medical intervention.
If in doubt, it is imperative to consult a healthcare professional without delay .
What to do in case of ophthalmic migraine?
In case of crisis
- Calm down in a dark, quiet room.
- Lie down and close your eyes.
- Apply cold water compresses to the forehead and scalp.
- Gently massage your temples
- Avoid screens and sources of intense light.
- Take appropriate medication if prescribed ( anti-inflammatories, triptans).
When to consult a healthcare professional
It is recommended to consult if:
- Crises repeat or intensify;
- Symptoms change in nature or duration.
- A differential diagnosis (blood tests, imaging tests, etc.) is necessary to exclude other pathologies.
How to prevent ophthalmic migraines?
- Identify the causes and triggers: stress, anxiety, fatigue, blue light, menstruation, fasting, alcohol, tobacco, strong emotions, certain foods (chocolate, cold meats, coffee, etc.), lack of sleep, loud noises, strong odors (perfumes, cigarette smoke, chemicals, etc.), extreme temperatures and variations in atmospheric pressure;
- Adopt a regular lifestyle: sufficient and peaceful sleep (away from noise), a balanced diet, and moderate physical activity are factors that can help with prevention.
- Limit exposure to screens and use blue light filters to reduce sensitivity.
- Use complementary methods: taking into account factors such as relaxation, sophrology, and magnesium supplementation can also help.