Detect Skin Problems Early: Symptoms, Causes, And Medical Recommendations

Skin changes such as spots, itching, or redness can be warning signs. A UNAM dermatologist explains how to identify them and what to do in each case.

The skin, in addition to being the largest organ in the human body, performs vital functions such as thermal regulation, protection against external aggressors, and detection of environmental stimuli.

However, it also acts as a mirror of our internal health, so any visible changes, such as irritation, blemishes, or discoloration, can be a sign of an underlying condition.

Dr. Rodrigo Roldán Marín, a dermatologist who graduated from UNAM and is a specialist in dermoscopy, explained on the Hipócrates 2.0 program, broadcast on Radio UNAM and PUIREE, what the most common skin diseases are, their triggers, and how to properly address them to protect skin health.

Acne: hormonal causes, food myths, and dermatological treatment

Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, especially during adolescence. It usually begins between the ages of 11 and 12 and can last until the age of 19. This condition is caused by an increase in hormones that stimulate the sebaceous glands, generating excess sebum that clogs pores.

This environment favors the proliferation of the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes, responsible for inflammation and the appearance of characteristic lesions. According to Dr. Roldán, treatment should be personalized and may include deep cleansing, bacterial control, sebum regulation, and inflammation reduction.

Contrary to popular belief, foods like chocolate or nuts do not aggravate acne. “The only scientifically proven thing is that dairy can worsen the condition due to the hormones in cow’s milk. It’s not about eliminating them, but rather moderating their consumption,” the specialist pointed out.

She also recommended avoiding the use of oily cosmetics on acne-prone skin. “Applying oily makeup on oily skin is like adding fuel to the fire,” she warned. She also urged parents to pay emotional attention to their children, as severe acne can affect mental health.

Atopic dermatitis: how to identify and control this skin inflammation

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects people with sensitive skin. It is triggered by environmental factors (such as pollen or weather), chemicals (soaps or detergents), and emotional factors (stress). It usually manifests as intense itching that leads to scratching and worsening inflammation.

Its location varies depending on age. In babies, it appears on the cheeks; in children and adults, it occurs in areas such as the neck and behind the knees. To manage this condition, Dr. Roldán recommends:

Short showers with warm water
Daily use of fragrance-free and color-free moisturizers
Cotton or linen garments (avoid synthetic fibers)
Washing clothes without fabric softeners and with extra rinsing

In severe cases, topical steroids, phototherapy, or even biological therapies may be necessary.

Psoriasis: A Chronic Disease with Multiple Facets
Although its exact cause is unknown, psoriasis has a genetic component and can be triggered by stress. It is characterized by the appearance of red, scaly patches, especially on the elbows, knees, and lower back. It is not always itchy.

This condition doesn’t just affect the skin . It’s associated with diseases such as obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular risk, and psoriatic arthritis. Treatment includes creams and topical medications; in severe cases, biological therapies such as monoclonal antibodies are used, which are effective but expensive.

Lifestyle also plays a role: a Mediterranean diet rich in vegetables and fish can help control the disease, while excessive consumption of red meat, alcohol, or tobacco worsens it.

Specialized care in dermatological health

Dr. Roldán recommended visiting specialized centers, such as the Oncodermatology Clinic at the UNAM School of Medicine, which offers comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. This center specializes particularly in the early detection of skin and mucous membrane cancers using noninvasive methods.

Prevention, early diagnosis, and proper treatment are key to preserving the health of our skin, an organ that not only protects us but also reveals much about our internal well-being.