Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), an aggressive subtype of hematologic cancer, primarily affects young and older adults, although it can occur at any stage of life. Early detection is key to improving the prognosis, according to specialists.
Dr. Luis Meillón, a hematologist and subspecialist in Hemostasis and Thrombosis at the University of Rochester, warned about the importance of early identification of the characteristic symptoms of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, a form of acute leukemia that accounts for about 10% of diagnosed cases.
Among the main warning signs, Meillón mentioned persistent fatigue, unexplained fever, abnormal bleeding (such as bleeding gums, frequent nosebleeds, or unexplained bruising), and the recurrence of infections. He also warned about extreme paleness and bone or joint pain, associated with a deficiency of healthy blood cells.
“These symptoms should be taken seriously. Prompt consultation with a specialist allows for the confirmation or exclusion of APL through specific diagnostic tests,” the expert emphasized.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia originates in myeloid cells, interfering with the normal production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This uncontrolled proliferation of promyelocytes— immature blood cells —impairs the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections, severe anemia, and spontaneous bleeding.
Despite being less well-known than other types of leukemia, APL is one of the most treatable forms if detected early. The specialist explained that advances in its management have significantly reduced the mortality rate. He highlighted treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as an effective therapy for newly diagnosed patients.
“Thanks to this therapeutic strategy, a complete remission rate of 89% and a significant improvement in overall survival have been achieved,” said Meillón, also former president of the Mexican Association for the Study of Hematology (AMEH).
The expert emphasized that, although it can affect people of any age, APL most commonly manifests in young and older adults, so raising awareness about its symptoms and treatment is crucial.“The body sends out signals when something isn’t working properly. The accumulation of immature cells creates a severe imbalance that prevents the blood from performing its functions properly. This exposes us to serious complications, but we can take action if we identify the disease early,” he concluded.
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